微服务架构中,根据业务划分成若干个服务,各单元应用间通过服务注册与订阅的方式互相依赖,依赖通过远程调用的方式执行,该方式难以避免因网络或自身原因而出现故障或者延迟,从而并不能保证服务的100%可用,此时若有大量的网络涌入,会形成任务累计,导致服务瘫痪,甚至导致服务“雪崩”。
- Hystrix
1.Netflix 已经为我们创建了 Hystrix 库来实现服务降级、服务熔断、线程隔离、请求缓存、请求合并以及服务监控(Hystrix Dashboard)等强大功能,在微服务架构中,多层服务调用是非常常见的。

2.较底层的服务中的服务故障可能导致级联故障,当对特定的服务的调用达到一个阀值(Hystric 是5秒20次) 断路器将会被打开,故障百分比大于circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage(默认值:> 50%)时metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds(默认10秒),断路打开后,开发人员可以回退机制。

官方文档:http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Dalston.SR2/#_circuit_breaker_hystrix_clients
- 准备工作
1.启动Consul
2.创建 battcn-provider
和 battcn-consumer
- battcn-provider
- pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
- ProviderApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
| @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @RestController public class ProviderApplication {
@Value("${spring.application.name}") String applicationName;
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args); }
@GetMapping("/hello") public String hello() { return "My Name's :" + applicationName + " Email:1837307557@qq.com"; } }
|
- bootstrap.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
| server: port: 8765
spring: application: name: battcn-provider cloud: consul: host: localhost port: 8500 enabled: true discovery: enabled: true prefer-ip-address: true
|
- battcn-consumer
- pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
- ConsumerApplication
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
|
@SpringCloudApplication public class ConsumerApplication {
@Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args); } }
|
- HiController
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
|
@RestController public class HiController {
static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HiController.class); @Autowired HiService hiService;
@GetMapping("/hi") public String hi() { return hiService.hello(); }
@Service class HiService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate;
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "ribbonFallback") public String hello() { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://battcn-provider/hello", String.class); }
public String ribbonFallback() { return "My Name's :ribbonFallback Email:1837307557@qq.com"; } } }
|
- bootstrap.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
| server: port: 8766
spring: application: name: battcn-consumer cloud: consul: host: localhost port: 8500 enabled: true discovery: enabled: true prefer-ip-address: true
|
- 测试
启动:battcn-provider
启动:battcn-consumer
访问:http://localhost:8500/ 显示如下代表服务注册成功

访问:http://localhost:8766/hi
1 2 3
| My Name's :battcn-provider Email:1837307557@qq.com #正确情况
My Name's :ribbonFallback Email:1837307557@qq.com #关闭battcn-provider后结果
|
- 源码
1.当我们开启Hystrix
的时候 Hystrix 会为我们注入 HystrixCommandAspect
切面,操作所有带HystrixCommand
注解,随后就是通过反射与Cglib创建代理然后发送请求,不管服务是否健壮都会先进入AOP切面然后才会执行后续操作(打脸轻点…)

- 监控
1.在 ConsumerApplication
中添加 @EnableHystrixDashboard
的注解
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
| @SpringCloudApplication @EnableHystrixDashboard public class ConsumerApplication {
@Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args); }
}
|
2.在 pom.xml
中添加如下配置
1 2 3 4
| <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency>
|
3.访问:http://localhost:8766/hystrix

4.访问N次:http://localhost:8766/hi

我们可以看到请求成功,失败,等信息
- 说点什么
本章代码(battcn-provider/consumer):https://git.oschina.net/battcn/battcn-cloud/tree/master/battcn-cloud-hystrix-ribbon
如有问题请及时与我联系
- 个人QQ:1837307557
- Spring Cloud中国社区①:415028731
- Spring For All 社区⑤:157525002
转载标明出处,thanks